This number is significantly higher than the number of dead mosquitoes found in the control group, which was 10. DEET-free. will be tried and tested. Safe for use on adults, children, and pets when used as directed. Climate could also affect mosquito behaviour and the variance is controlled by standardizing humidity temperature in arm-in-cage trials; however, these parameters are not always similar in different trials or conform to the mosquito environment standards. Google Scholar. 2013;112:67992. Environment, Research Respondents, and Research Procedure. [6, 52, 59], depending on the concentration of extracts and Anopheles species, was reported to be 52 to 85%. and Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison). Lemongrass also has many other benefits including being an anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antiseptic and antioxidant. skin. stephensi. Table 4. Boil it up and gather the necessary amount of lemongrass extract from the The 20% oil solution of catnip in the study carried out by Amer et al. 2009;27:2632. Naine SJ, Devi S. Larvicidal and repellent properties of Streptomyces sp. they would bite exposed skin of a human if it was not applied with any insect repellent, during the process. Here, the repellency impacts of most frequent examined repellents against Anopheles species are reported. Formulated with no artificial colors, fragrances or harmful pesticides. Sritabutra D, Soonwera M, Waltanachanobon S, Poungjai S. Evaluation of herbal essential oil as repellents against Aedes aegypti (L.) and Anopheles dirus Peyton & Harrion. 2010;20:16728. uncommonness in being utilized in the creation of alternative products, in this case, an move away from the source of repellent and lemon grass can be used as a natural https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8. One study published in the journal Parasitology Research found that lemongrass essential oil was effective at repelling mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Auysawasdi N, Chuntranuluck S, Phasomkusolsil S, Keeratinijakal V. Improving the effectiveness of three essential oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn.) Drosophila TRPA1 channel is required to avoid the naturally occurring insect repellent citronellal. In addition to being a plant-based mosquito repeller, this spray will kill and repel hundreds of common pests, such as gnats, ticks, fleas, no-see-ums, spiders, and other biting flies. the related studies. related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent Gramineae). Accordingly, the idea of using natural mosquito repellent products as an alternative to develop new eco-friendly repellents could be an amicable solution to scale back the undesirable effects on environment and human health. [42] also found that orange at 0.02, 0.10, and 0.21mg/cm2, with a dose-dependent trend, has 44%, 54%, and 84% repellency against An. The frequent use of synthetic repellents with chemical origin for mosquito control has disturbed natural ecosystems and resulted in the development of resistance to insecticides, resurgence in mosquito populations, and adverse impact on non-target organisms [4, 7]. ), Anopheles minimus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say based on protection time and biting rate. [54], no remarkable repellency effect against An. convenient to the fellow researchers. Lemongrass is a plant that has been used as an insect repellent for centuries. water over foliage (Cruz, 2004). subpictus for 1, 1, and 1.5h, respectively. thehealthvermont, natural insect repellents are safer than DEET components of a Malaria Journal The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Below is a list of lemongrass as insect repellent: Lemongrass is a good insect repellent. Article Iranian J Arthropod Borne Dis. Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors around the world. Scope and Delimitation This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of carabao manure with lemongrass and eucalyptus extract as an alternative mosquito repellant. One study from 2011 using multiple species of mosquito found that up to 95% of mosquitos from one species were repelled due to the oil's strong odor over a 2.5 hour period (2). dirus for 1.08h. Cinnamomumisa genus in the Laurel family, Lauraceae, several of which are investigated for their antibacterial activity by means of essential oils from bark and leaves [67]. By These are the chemicals, which are used as insecticides for mosquito control include substances which destroy mosquito and are commonly known as pesticides or insecticides. In contrast, Seyoum et al. Videos for related products. Method: Cymbopogon oil (75ml) was extracted from 200g of fresh Lemongrass leaves using Soxhlet method with n-Hexane as solvent. Lemon Grass has a pleasant scent that can repel insects, but does it work? Trongtokit Y, Curtis CF, Rongsriyam Y. Efficacy of repellent products against caged and free flying Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. Lemongrass is a natural pesticide. Ansari M, Mittal P, Razdan R, Sreehari U. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent activities of pine (Pinus longifolia, Family: Pinaceae) oil. The following factors are discussed further with its relation to the 2015;46:596601. The lemongrass is known for its effectiveness in repelling insects. Citronella extracted from lemongrass can also be sprayed in areas where youd like to deter pests. Parasitol Res. With that, the researchers gained Trav Med Infect Dis. 2012;44:7989. Fish Shellfish Immunol. that it repelled mosquito landing attempts and ant-bites attempts. Indian Forester. In this study, its effectiveness was assessed on stable . [58] used clove essential oil at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations against An. Grognet J. Catnip: its uses and effects, past and present. stephensi for 6.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. sensitive skin immediately. properties and the extracted oil is used as insect repellent. 2008;7:152. Google Scholar. Thymeisone of nine species belonging to T. serpyllum, aperennialaromaticplantoftheMediterranean flora [69]. The extracted lemongrass substance will be stored in a 2010;3:6915. Yasodha R, Sumathi R, Chezhian P, Kavitha S, Ghosh M. Eucalyptus microsatellites mined in silico: survey and evaluation. In the study, the essential oil was applied to the skin of test subjects, and the number of mosquito bites received was significantly reduced compared to a control group. Distillation Process is technique used for separating substances which are Possibly, the most important aspect in increasing the permanence of such repellents that are effective but volatile is improving formulations of plant extracts to elevate their longevity through the development of nanoemulsions, improved formulations, and fixatives. Seyoum A, Plsson K, Kunga S, Kabiru E, Lwande W, Killeen G, et al. stephensi for 8h, while Eucalyptus globulus complete protection time was reported to be 5.5h. Auysawasdi et al. Lemongrass is an excellent tool for keeping pests at bay. Repellent activity of catmint, Nepeta cataria, and iridoid nepetalactone isomers against Afro-tropical mosquitoes, ixodid ticks and red poultry mites. Prabhu K, Murugan K, Nareshkumar A, Ramasubramanian N, Bragadeeswaran S. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Moringa oleifera against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae). Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of leaf and twig extracts of stout camphor tree, Cinnamomum kanehirae, and the effects on immunity and disease resistance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Wiwit Aditama Materials and Methods Department of Environmental Health, Banda Aceh Polytechnic of Health of The Ministry of Health, Indonesia, Jl. 1989;34:7796. Trop Biomed. Of the 324 excluded citations, 102 were duplicated studies; 149 were not relevant to the repellency effect of plants on Anopheles spp. Lemongrass does not have In another study [6], 20% oil solutions of peppermint had 57% repellency and complete protection time for 6.5h against An. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. CAS While, in the study conducted by Govindarajan et al. Even though the researchers couldnt afford to conduct experiment in 2001;49:51721. The product was affordable to make since the researchers didnt cost Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different 2009;7:9204. Lemon Grass and Garlic as an Organic Insecticide Research Paper Malar J 18, 436 (2019). THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEMON GRASS ( Cymbopogon Citratus) AS N by - Prezi Tagetes minuta L., a useful underutilized plant of family Asteraceae: a review. Kumar KP, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar AN, Hwang J-S, Barnard DR. attempted to bite 24 times It was proven that it can 100% repel mosquitoes, specifically, after screening titles/abstracts; 11 were review publications; 8 investigated the repellency impact of chemical-based repellents or animal extracts; 7 studies were conducted on laboratory animals; 12 were abstracts, conference papers, comments, and editorials; 10 studies had not reported sufficient data regarding the percentage of repellency or complete protection time; and, 15 studies were other irrelevant studies. Canadian Vet J. Review of Literature. attempts Thus, plants with potential repellency properties should be tested for their possible unpleasant side effects before introducing as alternative products. For centuries lemon grass has been used by some cultures as a bug repellent. Effectiveness of citronella preparations in preventing mosquito bites 2014 ). This research aims to create a Natural Alternative Insect Repellent with the use Lemongrass is a natural insect repellent and works as a pesticide. Insecticidal Properties of Lemongrass the product. How many insects would be repelled by the repellent containing lemongrass oil? The present systematic review was performed to reveal which plant-based repellent can be relied on to provide a prolonged and predictable protection from species of Anopheles mosquitoes without causing side effects on human health. of geranial and neral and small amounts of geranoil and citronellal which are 2011;1:S1248. You can also purchase lemongrass plants from a nursery or garden center if you dont want to grow your own at home. endobj 2010;13:8596. repellent themselves, they can ensure that it is safe and not even a single drop of a Murugan K, Kumar PM, Kovendan K, Amerasan D, Subrmaniam J, Hwang J-S. Larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity of Citrus sinensis orange peel extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). KEEPS BUGS AWAY NATURALLY: Our proprietary blend of 16 essential oils, including cedar, mint, rosemary, and lemongrass, create the strong minty and herbaceous scent that helps keep bugs at bay for up to 4 HOURS while ensuring your sensitive skin is safe and healthy. stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. the mosquitoes and 2 hours and 30 minutes upon repelling the ants. stephensi for 4.36h. Basilisan annual plant of the Ocimum genus, which belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is used in traditional medicine in many parts of the world [74]. If used against mosquito larvae, such insecticides . After identifying the eligible studies, the following data were collected from each study by application of standardized data collection form to improve accuracy and critical appraisal: the first author name, country of origin, journal details, publication year, condition of study (field or laboratory), plant name, Anopheles species, concentration or dose of repellents, repellency percentage and complete protection time. trigger any allergies to the skin of the human subject. 2006;1:911. The water must not reach the bottom of the strainer, fill it with lemongrass. This number is also significantly higher than those killed by other types of insect repellents. to the skin. control, with easy-to-administer, low-cost, and risk-free properties. 2014;28:2536. Reflection Paper: Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon? Liloan is a municipality in the northern part of Cebu Although citronella oil has demonstrated repellent effect against mosquito bites in some studies (Dover 1930; Jantan & Zali 1998), the evidence is insufficient to draw a definite conclusion. For other plants, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. lemongrass is extracted by steam distillation which is simply by pouring boiling The study by Sritabutra et al. This study will be conducted for the benefit of the following: For the Future Researchers that this could serve as a guide for them in case they would Amer et al. REPELS & PROTECTS. Soonwera M. Efficacy of essential oil from Cananga odorata (Lamk.) 2014;2:707. Govindarajan M. Larvicidal and repellent activities of Sida acuta Burm. Parasitol Res. Since they will be making the insect Another study found that citronellal directly activates channels of cation [83], which is similar to the excite-repellent impact of pyrethrin another plant based terpine [85], but contrasts with the inhibitory influence of DEET [86]. Catnipisa perennial plant that belongs to the mint family, Labiatae. prevent arthropod borne diseases. The 20% Neem oil in a field trial conducted by Amer et al. This review calls for the attention of entomologists and people in the field of mosquito-transmitted diseases for understanding the value and potential position of the plant-derived repellents and their role in disease control. Plant Health Instructor. Rawani A, Banerjee A, Chandra G. Mosquito larvicidal and biting deterrency activity of bud of Polianthes tuberosa plants extract against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. Objective: This review aims to examine the effectiveness of citronella preparation used as a mosquito repellent. The results showed that the average number of dead insects in lemongrass extract was 14. A must have for weekend trips, camping, and travel. volume18, Articlenumber:436 (2019) [22], C. zeylanicum at 1mg/cm2 showed 1h protection against An. Youll want to make sure that you wash away any dirt or debris that may be left on your plant before placing it into your garden bed or potting soil so theres no chance of spreading disease or pests throughout your garden space during planting time. Parasitol Res. Parasitol Res. 3 safe? Lemon grass 2015;114:453143. related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent .uM.4/&@Kg,4]-iZ7- VdM!t20tICI^zR4KkE+BGo?woKDtG@3, X1u4FEck$RY'u8!. Trace element contents and essential oil yields from wild thyme plant (Thymus serpyllum L.) grown at different natural variable environments, Jordan. more relevant and accurate data. 2009;2009:e908085. 10ml of lemongrass essential oil Among 500 species of Anopheles mosquitoes known globally, more than 50 species can transmit malaria from the bite of the infected female Anopheles spp. Part of FULL SIZE FOR BEST VALUE: Our 8oz tin of No-Bite-Me cream is amazing for the seasoned traveler. Human Expand View via Publisher Individuals Potential plant-based repellents stratified by protection time with at least 4h protection time are reported in Table2. This findings support the study of Dumay and Arcilla Jr. (2019), George (2016)and Moore (2011) about the capability of lemongrass in repelling insects effectively, Kamaraj(2011))who reported that black pepper is a good insect repellent, and Patterson (2019) who proved that garlic produces results that are effective enough in repelling mosquitoes. Kwon Y, Kim SH, Ronderos DS, Lee Y, Akitake B, Woodward OM, et al. 4 0 obj C. Making the Insect Repellent Lemongrass | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Asian Pac J Trop Med. First, a poorly inspected confounding aspect is the effect of sweating on the effectiveness and protection time of repellents, which are approximately all water-soluble, and this might limits the comparability of repellents. New Delhi: Springer; 2016. p. 19. Tyagi B. The repellency of lemongrass oil against stable flies, tested using With the summer heat, it's important to keep yourself from getting bitten by bugs. The location of this residence is in Catarman, albimanus and found that all concentrations of clove provided complete repellency ranging from 1.25 to 3.55h, depending on the concentration applied. Citronella (50ml) & Lemon Grass (50ml) - 100ml Total . B. Parasitol Res. Mehdi Khoobdel or Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani. Knowledge of traditional repellent plants is a significant resource for the development of new natural products as an alternative to chemical repellents. is any chemical or natural product that causes insects or other arthropods to avoid or PubMed Pour the mixture in a spray bottle. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Malar J. Article Additionally, this study will produce significant and relevant information for future studies regarding to insect repellent. Plant-based repellents have been used for generations in traditional practice as a personal protection measure against host-seeking mosquitoes. [42], clove at 0.02, 0.10 and 0.21mg/cm2 with a dose-dependent trend, showed 82%, 92%, and 98% repellency against An. Panneerselvam C, Murugan K. Adulticidal, repellent, and ovicidal properties of indigenous plant extracts against the malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71810. 2012;2:6027. [6], 20% oil solution of basil essential oil, with mean percentage repellency of 66.7%, had 100% protective impact against An. Php 40 it is highly affordable than the other chemical insect repellent that can found that Neem extract is not affective against An. <> Google Scholar. Birkett MA, Hassanali A, Hoglund S, Pettersson J, Pickett JA. Lemongrass oil has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes, ants, ticks, fleas, and other pests. Asian Pac J Trop Med. Myrtleisamemberof theMyrtaceae familywhich is botanically linked to eucalyptus [73]. Freeman BC, Beattie GA. An overview of plant defenses against pathogens and herbivores. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Outcomes measures were percentage repellency and protection time. which can be poisonous, lemongrass is organic and safe. used for the experiment were easily provided. 2019 Sep 3;56(5):1346-1352. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjz078. SAFE FOR YOUR KIDS Our spray is DEET-free, as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Plant-based insect repellents: a review of their efficacy, development 2014;63:3418. This spray provides quick, head-to-toe protection whether youre on the trails or in your backyard. If a consensus was reached, a study was excluded or selected to full-text screening. 2015;5(suppl 1):S6772. Below shows the procedure on making insect repellent out of lemongrass oil: Mix the essential oil, water and alcohol. Herbal insecticides, repellents and biomedicines: effectiveness and commercialization. Plant oils may serve as suitable alternatives to synthetic repellents in the future as they are relatively safe, inexpensive, and are readily available in many parts of the world. 2014;26:30510. For the Society that this could give them knowledge about the importance of It contains limonene as an insect repellent. materials needed: Sprinkle small clippings of lemongrass around the outside of your home, or along the baseboards. Lemongrass has been shown to have the insecticidal and insect-repellent ability towards several insects, including mosquitoes [14], houseflies [15], sand flies [16] and fruit flies (Drosophila . repellency. Related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent. The F. (Family: Malvaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. While alternative uses such as excite-repellency and spatial activity have also been examined [87]. 2009;41:28. KEEPS BUGS AT BAY FOR HOURS Get much needed outdoor relief from mosquitos and ticks. 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In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of tagetes was explored. VITJS4 crude extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Tag: lemongrass insect repellent review of related literature - WorldNgayon 2013;19:17989. Lemongrass can be used in various ways to repel insects such as: Make a spray with 1 cup water and 2 tablespoons of lemon juice then add 10 drops of pure lemon essential oil (optional) and shake well before spraying on skin or clothing, Add several drops of pure essential oil into the water when washing clothes etc. A screening of titles and abstracts followed by a full-text review was performed by two investigators. SALLYE ANDER PROMISE: When you buy Sallye Ander products, you can rest assured knowing you are supporting a company committed to quality and the environment. statement and Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71810, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Panneerselvam C, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar PM. Mosquito repellent activity of essential oil of Ethiopian ethnomedicinal plant against Afro-tropical malarial vector Anopheles arabiensis. It is a tall perennial grass that grows in dense clumps, and the leaves have a lemon scent. Another certain benefit of making lemongrass as an insect repellent is its The average number of dead mosquitoes in the use of lemongrass extract was 18. No mess. In: Veer V, Gopalakrishnan R, editors. Furthermore, these related Adulticidal and repellent properties of Cassia tora Linn. Karunamoorthi K, Ilango K, Murugan K. Laboratory evaluation of traditionally used plant-based insect repellent against the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae). [22] also supported that rosemary at 1, 2.5 and 5mg/cm2 concentrations completely repels An. extracting the lemongrass oil from the lemongrass stalks, Steam Distillation could also 2011;88:4818. The study has found out that lemongrass is an effective and alternative natural ant repellent. minimus for 2h. Moreover, 20% gel of clove protected against An. The Table 3 showed the results of the experiment in terms of the affordability of Sanghong R, Junkum A, Chaithong U, Jitpakdi A, Riyong D, Tuetun B, et al. For example, adult butterflies feed on nectar from flowers such as milkweed or yucca when they are larvae; then they lay eggs on these plants so their offspring can eat the leaves when they hatch into caterpillars. 2012;111:175769. Parasitol Res. Research has shown that citronella helps to There was a significant difference in the use of lemongrass extract as a substitute for malathion with the mortality rate of Aedes aegpty mosquito (p-value < 0,001) 95% CI (15.69-18.31 . Remarkable repellency of Ligusticum sinense (Umbelliferae), a herbal alternative against laboratory populations of Anopheles minimus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Lemongrass as the main ingredient for an Below illustrates the procedures of the extraction: The first thing to do is to set the pot filled with purified water on the heat source. centered over the receiving vessel. This study was conducted at Christian Paul Labares Residence for it is safe and 2012;111:195364. 2013;112:120519. Constituents of essential oils from three plant species used in traditional medicine and insect control in Tanzania. stephensi mosquitoes. Ansari et al. The first thing you need to do is cut off the bottom leaves of the plant, then dig up some roots from the ground where it was growing. All concentrations of turmeric, with a doseresponse manner, provided complete repellency ranging from 4 to 8h, depending on the concentration applied. the skin, clothing, or other surfaces which discourages insects (and arthropods in The repellency effect of citronella was investigated in several studies. The repellency effect of clove against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 6 studies. anything upon making the repellent. - Advertisement -. Bioresource Technol. SHM assisted in translation, writing and elimination of technical errors. Insect repellents: principles, methods and uses. The field of herbal repellents is extremely fertile as people demand mosquitoes repellents that are safe, pleasant to usage and ecologically maintainable. bites has not yet been completely clarified. How long does the effectivity of the lemongrass oil last? the laboratory, theres still an alternative method in doing the steam distillation process. 2000;73:20711. 10ml of alcohol. about in our project. endobj killing them. A total of 383 studies were found by the initial literature search of the databases. Lemongrass Research - Chapter I Introduction Background of The Study
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